Knowing, Voluntary, Intentional Consent (Beers)
Beers's consent standard: valid government obligations require individualized, knowing, voluntary, intentional, written consent — anything less is constructive consent without real assent. The vocabulary is doctrinally adjacent to adhesion-contract scholarship (Kessler, Rakoff, Radin) but operative law treats constructive consent as sufficient. Defined here as the term of art the project's findings engage.
Jan 1, 0001