Jacobson
Police Power
The inherent, reserved power of a state to regulate conduct and property for the public health, safety, morals, and general welfare. It is a power of the states (and their subdivisions), not of the federal government, which has no general police power; it is reserved by the Tenth Amendment and predates the Constitution. Crucially for movement arguments, it is not derived from the commerce power and is not contractual or consensual — which is why 'I did not consent' and 'show me the commercial nexus' do not reach it.
Liberty: Treatise #2's Definitional Framework Examined
Beers's second treatise builds a definitional framework around 'consent,' the 'person/man' distinction, and 'liberty' that produces real doctrinal observations alongside real overreach. The definitional moves are partially supported by Supreme Court vocabulary on liberty and statutory construction; the framework as a whole collapses operative law into rhetorical categories that don't survive primary-source verification.